Endoluminal MRI of the rectum and anus was introduced in the first half of this decade to overcome the limitations of endoluminal sonography and body coil MRI. Endoluminal MRI is the imaging method of choice for fecal incontinence and anal tumors, whereas it is a competitive imaging method to phased array coil MRI in patients with perianal fistulas or rectal tumor. The purpose of this article is to describe the technique and major indications of endoluminal MR imaging of the anus and rectum.