Purpose: To explore whether there is a linkage between different mutations in the p53 gene in primary colorectal cancer and the risk of death from colorectal cancer in a large group of patients with long follow-up. We also compared a complementary DNA-based sequencing method and an immunohistochemical (IHC) method for detecting p53 protein overexpression in colorectal cancer.
Materials and methods: The entire coding region of the p53 gene was sequenced in 191 frozen tumor samples collected from January 1988 to November 1992. RNA was extracted and synthesized to cDNA. p53 was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, and the DO-7 monoclonal antibody was used in the IHC assessments.
Results: Mutations were detected in 99 samples (52%) from 189 patients. There was a significant relationship between the p53 mutational status and the cancer-specific survival time, with shorter survival time for patients who had p53 mutations than for those who did not (P = .01, log-rank test). Mutations outside the evolutionarily conserved regions were associated with the worst prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of p53 mutations was an independent prognostic factor (relative hazard, 1.7, P = .03). There was no significant relationship between overexpression of p53 protein, as determined by IHC analysis, and cancer-specific survival.
Conclusion: Mutational analyses of the p53 gene, using cDNA sequencing in colorectal cancer, provide useful prognostic information. In addition, cDNA sequencing gives better prognostic information than IHC assessment of p53 protein overexpression.