Abstract
Initiation of DNA replication requires the function of MCM gene products, which participate in ensuring that DNA replication occurs only once in the cell cycle. Expression of all mammalian genes of the MCM family is induced by growth stimulation, unlike yeast, and the mRNA levels peak at G1/S boundary. In this study, we examined the transcriptional activities of isolated human MCM gene promoters. Human MCM5 and MCM6 promoters with mutation in the E2F sites failed in promoter regulation following serum stimulation and exogenous E2F expression. In addition, we identified a novel E2F-like sequence in human MCM6 promoter which cooperates with the authentic E2F sites in E2F-dependent regulation. Forced expression of E2F1 could induce expression of all members of the endogenous MCM genes in rat embryonal fibroblast REF52 cells. Our results demonstrated that the growth-regulated expression of mammalian MCM5 and MCM6 genes, and presumably other MCM members, is primarily regulated by E2F through binding to multiple E2F sites in the promoters.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Base Sequence
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Binding Sites
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Carrier Proteins*
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Cell Cycle / physiology*
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Cell Cycle Proteins / biosynthesis*
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Cell Cycle Proteins / genetics
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Cell Line
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Culture Media / pharmacology
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DNA Replication / physiology
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DNA-Binding Proteins*
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E2F Transcription Factors
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E2F1 Transcription Factor
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Fetal Blood / physiology
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Fibroblasts / drug effects
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Fibroblasts / metabolism
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Fungal Proteins / biosynthesis*
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Fungal Proteins / genetics
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Gene Expression Regulation / drug effects
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Gene Expression Regulation / physiology*
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Humans
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Mice
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Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 6
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Molecular Sequence Data
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Promoter Regions, Genetic
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Rats
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Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 1
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Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins
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T-Lymphocytes / drug effects
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T-Lymphocytes / metabolism
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Teratocarcinoma / pathology
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Transcription Factor DP1
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Transcription Factors / physiology*
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Transcription, Genetic
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Transfection
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Tumor Cells, Cultured
Substances
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Arid4a protein, mouse
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Carrier Proteins
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Cell Cycle Proteins
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Culture Media
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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E2F Transcription Factors
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E2F1 Transcription Factor
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E2F1 protein, human
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E2f1 protein, mouse
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E2f1 protein, rat
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Fungal Proteins
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Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 1
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Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins
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Transcription Factor DP1
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Transcription Factors
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mcm5 protein, S pombe
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MCM6 protein, human
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Mcm6 protein, mouse
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Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 6