Suppression of oncogenic transformation by hypothemycin associated with accelerated cyclin D1 degradation through ubiquitin-proteasome pathway

Life Sci. 1999;65(4):381-94. doi: 10.1016/s0024-3205(99)00259-3.

Abstract

Hypothemycin was originally isolated as an antifungal metabolite of Hypomyces trichothecoides. Here we report that treatment on v-K-ras-transformed NIH3T3 cells (DT cells) with hypothemycin caused drastic decrease in amount of cyclin D1 protein with concomitant prolongation of G1 phase in their cell cycle. Analysis using hypothemycin-resistant mutant of Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. pombe) was carried out to show that S. pombe rhp6+ (homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD6) and mammalian ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2 (ubc2) are the targets of hypothemycin or its downstream molecules in ubiquitin-conjugation process. Furthermore, in the presence of lactacystin, a specific inhibitor for proteasome, hypothemycin greatly enhanced the accumulation of multi-ubiquitinated form of cyclin D1 in DT cells. Therefore, it is indicated that hypothemycin facilitates ubiquitinating process of cyclin D1. In terms of malignant phenotype, hypothemycin inhibited anchorage-independent growth and reverted the morphology of DT cells. On the contrary, their morphology still remained transformed in the additional presence of lactacystin. Our results suggest that cyclin D1 is a key molecule working downstream in ras-signaling and that the transformation can be inhibited by the compound which can activate ubiquitin-proteasome pathway including degradation of cyclin D1.

MeSH terms

  • 3T3 Cells
  • Acetylcysteine / analogs & derivatives
  • Acetylcysteine / pharmacology
  • Animals
  • Antineoplastic Agents / isolation & purification
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology*
  • Blotting, Western
  • Cell Line, Transformed
  • Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / drug effects*
  • Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / metabolism
  • Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / pathology
  • Cyclin D1 / metabolism*
  • Cysteine Endopeptidases / metabolism*
  • DNA, Complementary / biosynthesis
  • DNA, Complementary / isolation & purification
  • Down-Regulation
  • G1 Phase / drug effects
  • Mice
  • Mitosporic Fungi / chemistry
  • Multienzyme Complexes / metabolism*
  • Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
  • Repressor Proteins / genetics
  • Schizosaccharomyces / enzymology
  • Ubiquitins / genetics
  • Ubiquitins / metabolism*
  • Zearalenone / analogs & derivatives

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • DNA, Complementary
  • Multienzyme Complexes
  • Repressor Proteins
  • Ubiquitins
  • hypothemycin
  • lactacystin
  • Cyclin D1
  • Zearalenone
  • Cysteine Endopeptidases
  • Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
  • Acetylcysteine