We examined records of all HIV antibody tests performed at anonymous publicly funded (PF) sites and by home collection (HC) testing for residents of San Francisco from August 1996 to December 1997. Although far fewer tests were performed by HC testing than at PF sites (715 versus 8712, respectively), a higher proportion of HC testers reported no prior history of HIV testing (33.1% versus 17.9%). HIV seroprevalence was higher among PF tests (1.8%) than among HC tests (0.9%). Compared with PF testers, HC testers were less likely to be gay men, lesbian or bisexual women, heterosexual women, African American, or Latino. HC testers were more likely to report sex with a known HIV-positive partner. HC testers were also more likely to reside in affluent neighborhoods. HC testing reaches some high-risk persons who may not otherwise seek PF testing, although, overall, the risk profile of HC testers appeared lower than that of PF testers. HC testing reaches some individuals who can financially afford HC testing, thus saving public prevention resources for hard-to-reach, high-risk populations.