Background: We describe herein a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and renal failure due to biopsy-proven BK virus (BKV) infection. Three months after the diagnosis of the renal viral infection, his condition remained unchanged. Although BKV has previously been shown to be associated with ureteral stenosis and renal damage in renal transplant patients, to our knowledge, the literature contains only 3 cases describing the presence of BKV lesions in the kidneys of immunosuppressed patients who had not undergone transplantation.
Methods: The presence of BKV infection was demonstrated by means of histology, immunohistochemistry with polyclonal anti-SV40 antibody, immunoelectron microscopy, polymerase chain reaction, and enzymatic cleavage with BamHI.
Results: Histologic examination revealed interstitial inflammatory infiltrates and tubules with enlarged and eosinophilic nuclei.
Conclusions: The high frequency of latent BKV infection and its reactivation during immunosuppression suggest that the possibility of its involvement in renal damage should be considered in immunocompromised patients.