Growth and immunogenicity of influenza viruses cultivated in Vero or MDCK cells and in embryonated chicken eggs

Dev Biol Stand. 1999:98:39-51; discussion 73-4.

Abstract

Vero cells, MDCK cells and embryonated chicken eggs (eggs) were used to evaluate influenza virus growth characteristics and immunogenicity induced by inactivated influenza B vaccines. Both cell lines produced comparable quantities of total viral and haemagglutinin (HA) proteins. Sequence analysis indicated genetic identity of the HA of Vero- and MDCK-grown virus counterparts with maintenance of antigenic characteristics of viruses derived from humans. The egg-grown influenza B/Memphis/1/93 variant differed from cell-grown counterparts at amino acid position 198 (Pro-Thr) and lost a glycosylation site. The level of neuraminidase (NA) activity was the highest in egg-grown virus, while MDCK- and Vero cell-grown viruses possessed 70% and 90% less NA activity respectively when fetuin was used as a substrate. Although each of the vaccines induced high and comparable levels of serum antibodies, mammalian cell-derived vaccines induced antibodies that were more cross reactive, and those antibodies induced by egg-derived vaccine were more specific to the homologous antigen. ELISPOT analysis indicated that the mammalian cell-grown vaccines induced high frequencies of IgG-producing cells directed against both cell- and egg-grown antigens, while egg-grown vaccine induced high frequencies of IgG and IgM-producing cells reacting with homologous antigen and low levels of IgG-producing cells reactive with cell-grown virus antigen. Taken together, our results suggest that mammalian cells are a viable option for the production of influenza virus vaccines.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Viral / biosynthesis
  • Antibodies, Viral / immunology
  • Antigens, Viral / genetics
  • Antigens, Viral / immunology
  • B-Lymphocytes / immunology
  • Cell Line
  • Chick Embryo
  • Chlorocebus aethiops
  • Dogs
  • Female
  • Glycoproteins / immunology
  • Humans
  • Influenza A virus / genetics
  • Influenza A virus / growth & development
  • Influenza A virus / immunology*
  • Influenza B virus / genetics
  • Influenza B virus / growth & development
  • Influenza B virus / immunology*
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Vero Cells
  • Viral Proteins / immunology
  • Virus Cultivation*

Substances

  • Antibodies, Viral
  • Antigens, Viral
  • Glycoproteins
  • Viral Proteins