Abstract
This review describes the latest approaches towards using gene therapy as a treatment for non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM; Type 2 diabetes). We examine attempts to directly deliver the insulin gene to non-beta-cells, to improve insulin secretion from existing beta-cells and to develop ex vivo approaches to implanting genetically modified cells. Future research into the pathology of non-insulin dependent diabetes, combined with the latest developments in gene delivery systems, may potentially make gene therapy an attractive alternative NIDDM treatment in the future.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Adult
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Animals
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Antigens, Neoplasm*
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Biomarkers, Tumor*
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Blood Glucose / analysis
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Cell Transplantation
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / genetics
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / physiopathology
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Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / therapy*
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Gene Expression Regulation
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Genes, Synthetic
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Genetic Therapy*
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Genetic Vectors
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Glucagon / genetics
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Glucagon / physiology
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Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
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Glucokinase / genetics
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Glucokinase / physiology
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Glucose Transporter Type 2
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Homeodomain Proteins*
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Humans
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Hyperinsulinism / etiology
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Hypoglycemic Agents / pharmacology
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Hypoglycemic Agents / therapeutic use
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Insulin / genetics*
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Insulin / metabolism
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Insulin Resistance
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Insulin Secretion
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Islets of Langerhans / drug effects
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Islets of Langerhans / metabolism
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Islets of Langerhans Transplantation
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Lectins, C-Type*
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Mice
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Middle Aged
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Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / genetics
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Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / physiology
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Muscle Contraction
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Nitric Oxide / physiology
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Nitric Oxide Synthase / genetics
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Nitric Oxide Synthase / physiology
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Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I
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Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins
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Peptide Fragments / genetics
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Peptide Fragments / physiology
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Promoter Regions, Genetic
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Protein Precursors / genetics
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Protein Precursors / physiology
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Proteins / genetics
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Proteins / physiology
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Rats
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Trans-Activators / genetics
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Trans-Activators / physiology
Substances
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Antigens, Neoplasm
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Biomarkers, Tumor
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Blood Glucose
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Glucose Transporter Type 2
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Homeodomain Proteins
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Hypoglycemic Agents
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Insulin
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Lectins, C-Type
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Monosaccharide Transport Proteins
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Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins
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Peptide Fragments
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Protein Precursors
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Proteins
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REG3A protein, human
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Reg3b protein, mouse
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Trans-Activators
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pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 protein
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Nitric Oxide
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Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
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Glucagon
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NOS1 protein, human
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Nitric Oxide Synthase
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Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I
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Nos1 protein, mouse
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Nos1 protein, rat
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Glucokinase