Abstract
Heat treatment of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer at a temperature higher than that applied to the conventional preparation of red ginseng yielded a mixture of saponins with potent antioxidative properties. Thus, the methanol extract of heat-processed neoginseng (designated as 'NGMe') attenuated lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates induced by ferric ion or ferric ion plus ascorbic acid. Furthermore, the extract protected against strand scission in phiX174 supercoiled DNA induced by UV photolysis of H2O2, and was also capable of scavenging superoxide generated by xanthine-xanthine oxidase or by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in differentiated human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells. Topical application of NGMe onto shaven backs of female ICR mice 10 min prior to TPA, significantly ameliorated skin papillomagenesis initiated by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. Moreover, TPA-induced enhancement of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and ODC mRNA expression was abolished by a topical dose (0.68 mg) of NGMe. Likewise, TPA-induced production of tumor necrosis factor- in mouse skin was inhibited by NGMe pretreatment.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene / adverse effects
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Animals
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Anticarcinogenic Agents / pharmacology*
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Antioxidants / pharmacology*
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Bacteriophage phi X 174 / genetics
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Brain / drug effects
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Brain / metabolism
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Carcinogens / adverse effects
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DNA, Viral / drug effects
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DNA, Viral / genetics
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DNA, Viral / radiation effects
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Enzyme Activation / drug effects
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Female
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Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / drug effects
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HL-60 Cells
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Hot Temperature
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Humans
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Hydrogen Peroxide / adverse effects
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Lipid Peroxidation / drug effects
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Male
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Methanol
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Mice
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Mice, Inbred ICR
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Ornithine Decarboxylase / drug effects
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Ornithine Decarboxylase / genetics
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Ornithine Decarboxylase / metabolism
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Panax / chemistry*
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Papilloma / chemically induced
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Papilloma / prevention & control
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Plant Extracts / chemistry
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Plant Extracts / pharmacology*
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Plants, Medicinal*
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RNA, Messenger / drug effects
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RNA, Messenger / genetics
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RNA, Messenger / metabolism
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Rats
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Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Skin / drug effects
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Skin / metabolism
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Skin / pathology
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Skin Neoplasms / chemically induced
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Skin Neoplasms / prevention & control
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Superoxides / metabolism
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Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / adverse effects
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / drug effects
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism
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Ultraviolet Rays / adverse effects
Substances
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Anticarcinogenic Agents
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Antioxidants
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Carcinogens
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DNA, Viral
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Plant Extracts
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RNA, Messenger
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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Superoxides
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9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
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Hydrogen Peroxide
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Ornithine Decarboxylase
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Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate
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Methanol