Background: The cost-effectiveness of determining Helicobacter pylori status after treatment remains to be established.
Aim: To determine the benefit of post-treatment assessment of H. pylori eradication in patients with uncomplicated duodenal ulcer.
Materials and methods: A decision analysis was performed in patients with uncomplicated duodenal ulcer who were H. pylori-positive and had received eradication therapy. A decision tree was devised to compare the costs per patient of two different strategies: (a) systematic performance of post-treatment urea breath test and new treatment if positive; and (b) clinical follow-up, 13C-urea breath test if dyspeptic symptoms recurred and eradication treatment if the test was positive.
Results: Post-eradication 13C-urea breath test was notably more expensive than clinical follow-up, both in a low-cost per care setting (197 vs. 132 Euros) and in a high-cost per care (614 vs. 340 US $) scenario. This conclusion remained stable for a wide range of variations of the variables included in the decision tree (e.g. cure rates of eradication treatment, cost of the urea breath test or sensitivity, and specificity of urea breath test to detect eradication).
Conclusion: In patients with uncomplicated duodenal ulcer, evaluation of eradication after H. pylori treatment markedly increases costs with no clear improvement in results and therefore should not be performed routinely.