We conducted a survey on smoking among all members of the medical association in Fukui Prefecture, using a questionnaire to be filled in by the subjects. The survey was conducted from December of 1996 to February of 1997, and the return rate was 90.8%. The main results of this survey were as follows: the prevalence of current smoking among medical doctors was 26.0% (male: 27.8%, female: 5.2%), which was lower than that of adults in the general population. The prevalence of past smoking among doctors 20 to 34 years old by age cohort was highest and that among doctors 35 years old and higher declines as age cohort increased. Doctors' participation in activities for the prevention of smoking in the general society was also found to be at a low level.