Alveolar bone height and postcranial bone mineral density: negative effects of cigarette smoking and parity

J Periodontol. 2000 May;71(5):683-9. doi: 10.1902/jop.2000.71.5.683.

Abstract

Background: Our objective was to test the association between cemento-enamel junction, alveolar-crest distance (CEJ-AC, as measured on digitized vertical bite-wing radiographs) and postcranial bone mineral density (BMD) relative to clinical, dietary, and demographic variables.

Methods: Data were collected in a cross-sectional study of 134 postmenopausal women. CEJ-AC distances were determined from digitized vertical bite-wing radiographs. Lumbar spine and proximal femur BMDs were determined from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometric scans. Correlation analysis and Student t tests were used to identify those variables most associated with CEJ-AC distance. The selected variables were modeled with a backward stepwise regression analysis, with CEJ-AC distance as the dependent variable.

Results: Parity (number of pregnancies to term), cigarette smoking, and the interaction of lateral spine BMD with cigarette smoking were independent predictors of CEJ-AC distance (P < or =0.05). Statistical models containing these variables accounted for 19% of the variation in CEJ-AC distances.

Conclusions: CEJ-AC distance in postmenopausal women is the result of a complicated interaction of many effects, including but not limited to, parity, cigarette smoking, and skeletal BMD.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Absorptiometry, Photon
  • Age Factors
  • Alveolar Bone Loss / diagnostic imaging
  • Alveolar Bone Loss / etiology*
  • Alveolar Bone Loss / physiopathology*
  • Bone Density / physiology
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Diet
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hysterectomy
  • Least-Squares Analysis
  • Lumbar Vertebrae / diagnostic imaging
  • Lumbar Vertebrae / physiology
  • Middle Aged
  • Ovariectomy
  • Parity / physiology*
  • Postmenopause / physiology*
  • Radiography, Bitewing
  • Regression Analysis
  • Risk Factors
  • Smoking / adverse effects*
  • Tooth Cervix / diagnostic imaging
  • Tooth Cervix / physiology