Background: Otitis media with effusion (OME) has a high rate of spontaneous resolution, and a policy of waiting and watching for 3 months is justified. The decision about further treatment should be individualized, depending on duration and symptoms. Knowledge of the determinants for persistent OME would be helpful for identifying patients with a need for active treatment or increased monitoring for complications.
Methods: A total of 433 children aged 6 months to 6 years were monitored for 3 months in the offices of 57 family physicians. A questionnaire pertaining to determinants was completed. The outcome measures were: presence of unilateral or bilateral OME or bilateral OME after 3 months. The outcome was determined on the basis of tympanometry results. We performed bivariate and multivariate analyses.
Results: The presence of an upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) at the follow-up visit was associated with finding OME at that visit. When a URTI was present, no other determinants for persistent OME were found. When absent, the determinants for persistent bilateral OME were: no history of adenoidectomy, an episode of acute otitis media (AOM) in the first year of life, and month of entry into the study (June-November). For persistent unilateral or bilateral OME, the only significant determinant was an episode of AOM in the first year of life.
Conclusions: Childrenwith 1 or more of the following factors need special attention for prevention of the sequelae of persistent OME: no history of adenoidectomy, AOM in the first year of life, and the presence of bilateral OME in the period between June and November.