Abstract
In this report, we showed for the first time that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor plasma levels are elevated in patients with severe heart failure, and these levels are correlated well with neurohormonal activation and hemodynamic deterioration characterizing this syndrome.
MeSH terms
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Biomarkers / blood
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Cardiac Catheterization
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Cardiac Output
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Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / blood
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Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / complications*
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Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / physiopathology
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Female
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Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / blood*
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Heart Failure / blood*
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Heart Failure / etiology
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Heart Failure / physiopathology
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Humans
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Male
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Middle Aged
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Myocardial Ischemia / blood
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Myocardial Ischemia / complications*
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Myocardial Ischemia / physiopathology
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Prognosis
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Severity of Illness Index
Substances
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Biomarkers
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Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor