Antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infection results in normalization of CD4:CD8 T-lymphocyte ratio in about 6% of cases. The T-cell ratio normalization on therapy was associated with a baseline CD4 of over 350 cells per microliter and a T-cell ratio of over 0.5 (for each, p < 0.01), but not with the current level of viral load suppression or compliance with clinic appointments (for each, p > 0.05). The patients with T-cell ratio normalization had a baseline median CD4 count of 428 cells per microliter (range, 353-883 cells per microliter) and a median T-cell ratio of 0.75 (range, 0.54-0.87). We could not address the effect of baseline viral load on T-cell ratio normalization, but there was no association with age, gender, race, HIV risk factor, or the length of antiretroviral therapy.