Abstract
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are naturally occurring genotoxic chemicals produced by a large number of plants. Metabolism of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in vivo and in vitro generates dehydroretronecine (DHR) as a common reactive metabolite. In this study, we report the development of a (32)P-postlabeling/HPLC method for detection of (i) two DHR-3'-dGMP and four DHR-3'-dAMP adducts and (ii) a set of eight DHR-derived DNA adducts in vitro and in vivo. The approach involves (1) synthesis of DHR-3'-dGMP, DHR-3'-dAMP, and DHR-3',5'-dG-bisphosphate standards and characterization of their structures by mass and (1)H NMR spectral analyses, (2) development of optimal conditions for enzymatic DNA digestion, adduct enrichment, and (32)P-postlabeling, and (3) development of optimal HPLC conditions. Using this methodology, we have detected eight DHR-derived DNA adducts, including the two epimeric DHR-3',5'-dG-bisphosphate adducts both in vitro and in vivo.
Publication types
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Carcinogens / metabolism*
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Carcinogens / toxicity
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Cattle
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Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / methods*
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DNA / chemistry*
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DNA / drug effects
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DNA / metabolism
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DNA Adducts / analysis*
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DNA Adducts / chemical synthesis
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DNA Adducts / isolation & purification
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Deoxyadenine Nucleotides / analysis
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Deoxyadenine Nucleotides / chemistry
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Deoxyguanine Nucleotides / analysis
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Deoxyguanine Nucleotides / chemistry
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Exonucleases / chemistry
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Exonucleases / metabolism
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Female
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Isotope Labeling / methods*
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Micrococcal Nuclease / chemistry
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Micrococcal Nuclease / metabolism
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Monocrotaline / analogs & derivatives*
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Monocrotaline / chemical synthesis
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Monocrotaline / chemistry*
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Monocrotaline / metabolism
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Monocrotaline / toxicity
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Phosphorus Radioisotopes / chemistry
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Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids / chemical synthesis
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Rats
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Rats, Inbred F344
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Reproducibility of Results
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Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases / chemistry
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Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases / metabolism
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Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
Substances
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Carcinogens
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DNA Adducts
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Deoxyadenine Nucleotides
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Deoxyguanine Nucleotides
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Phosphorus Radioisotopes
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Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids
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2'-deoxyguanylic acid
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retronecine
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2'-deoxy-5'-adenosine monophosphate
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Monocrotaline
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DNA
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Exonucleases
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spleen exonuclease
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Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases
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Micrococcal Nuclease
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dehydroretronecine