The use of human tissue, and material derived from such tissue, for research purposes is currently the subject of much debate. This debate needs to address several issues, including: the principle of abandonment; the distinction between identified and unidentified specimens; general versus specific informed consent; and, with the improvement in biotechnology and medical informatics, the design and security of research databases. The outcome of this debate will shape the way in which research studies using human biological materials are designed and executed.