Abstract
The iminosugar N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ), an endoplasmic reticulum alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, has an antiviral effect against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). In this report, we investigate the molecular mechanism of this inhibition by studying the folding pathway of BVDV envelope glycoproteins in the presence and absence of NB-DNJ. Our results show that, while the disulfide-dependent folding of E2 glycoprotein occurs rapidly (2.5 min), the folding of E1 occurs slowly (30 min). Both BVDV envelope glycoproteins associate rapidly with calnexin and dissociate with different kinetics. The release of E1 from the interaction with calnexin coincides with the beginning of E1 and E2 association into disulfide-linked heterodimers. In the presence of NB-DNJ, the interaction of E1 and E2 with calnexin is prevented, leading to misfolding of the envelope glycoproteins and inefficient formation of E1-E2 heterodimers. The degree of misfolding and the lack of association of E1 and E2 into disulfide-linked complexes in the presence of NB-DNJ correlate with the dose-dependent antiviral effect observed for this iminosugar.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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1-Deoxynojirimycin / analogs & derivatives*
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1-Deoxynojirimycin / pharmacology*
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Animals
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Antibodies, Monoclonal
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Antibodies, Viral
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Antiviral Agents / pharmacology*
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Calcium-Binding Proteins / metabolism
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Calnexin
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Calreticulin
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Cell Line
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Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral / drug effects*
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Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral / genetics
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Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral / metabolism
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Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral / physiology
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Dimerization
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Disulfides / metabolism
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Dogs
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Glycoproteins / chemistry
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Glycoproteins / metabolism
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Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors
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Hepacivirus / drug effects
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Kinetics
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Protein Binding / drug effects
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Protein Conformation / drug effects
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Protein Folding*
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Protein Processing, Post-Translational / drug effects
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Ribonucleoproteins / metabolism
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Viral Envelope Proteins / biosynthesis
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Viral Envelope Proteins / chemistry*
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Viral Envelope Proteins / genetics
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Viral Envelope Proteins / metabolism*
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Viral Plaque Assay
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alpha-Glucosidases / metabolism
Substances
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Antibodies, Monoclonal
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Antibodies, Viral
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Antiviral Agents
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Calcium-Binding Proteins
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Calreticulin
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Disulfides
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Glycoproteins
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Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors
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Ribonucleoproteins
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Viral Envelope Proteins
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Calnexin
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1-Deoxynojirimycin
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miglustat
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alpha-Glucosidases