This review of the literature summarizes new trends in the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) over the last 3 years. A literature search in Medline on 5 March 2000 using the keywords "OSA" and "OSAS" identified 123 papers. Another 86 articles were added from the references of the first 123 papers. New trends were observed concerning measurements of quality of life. There are new developments regarding conservative treatment, for example, nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) therapy and oral devices. With regard to surgical treatment of OSA new surgical procedures, the radiofrequency technique, and the concept of multilevel surgery are discussed. After more than 25 years of interdisciplinary sleep medicine there still are some new developments of interest for ears, nose, and throat surgeons, which indicate the need for the involvement of otorhinolaryngologists in modern sleep medicine.