One potential risk of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage is tumor seeding along the catheter tract. A 57-year-old woman with obstructive jaundice due to hilar cholangiocarcinoma underwent an extended left hepatic lobectomy, a regional lymph node dissection, and a right hepaticojejunostomy 2 weeks after percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. Multiple right pleural masses were found on a chest radiogram 14 months after the operation. No recurrent lesions were detected in the abdominal cavity. A right panpleuropneumonectomy was performed; however, the patient died of respiratory failure due to tumor recurrence 9 months after the second operation. Preoperative percutaneous transhepatich biliary drainage was considered to have resulted in pleural implantation.