The article deals with contemporary views on the impact of different nutritional substrates important for the construction of diets for patients with primary and secondary hyperlipoproteinaemia, explanation of different provisions and instructions according to which the physician or dietitian can prepare individual diets for normosthenic and obese patients, incl. calculation of the energy value of the diet. The author emphasizes also some new aspects of nutritional pharmacology useful not only for the treatment of hyperlipoproteinaemia but also for prevention of thrombogenic complications and adverse vasomotor reactions in patients with affections of the cardiovascular system.