Abstract
Treatment of U937 cells with an IkappaBalpha phosphorylation inhibitor, Bay 11-7085, induced a rapid phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, significant apoptosis, extensive necrosis, and a weak phosphorylation of MAP kinase kinase. Bay 11-7085 had no effect on the basal levels of phosphorylated IkappaBalpha but completely inhibited phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha. Although Bay 11-7085 prevented phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, SN50, a specific inhibitor of nuclear translocation and function of NF-kappaB, did not induce any significant nuclear/DNA fragmentation, caspase 3 activation, or cell death. The p38 MAP kinase-specific inhibitor, SB203580, completely inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase and significantly decreased Bay 11-7085-induced apoptosis. In contrast, the MAP kinase kinase-specific inhibitor PD98059 had no effect on Bay 11-7085-induced apoptosis. Caspase-specific inhibitor, z-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone prevented Bay 11-7085-induced activation of caspase 3 but was not able to block Bay 11-7085-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase. These data suggest that Bay 11-7085 induces apoptosis through a p38 MAP kinase-dependent, NF-kappaB-independent mechanism.
MeSH terms
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Activating Transcription Factor 2
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Anti-Infective Agents / antagonists & inhibitors
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Anti-Infective Agents / pharmacology*
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Apoptosis / drug effects*
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Apoptosis / physiology
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Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / metabolism
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DNA-Binding Proteins / antagonists & inhibitors*
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Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
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Enzyme Activation
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Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology
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Humans
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I-kappa B Proteins*
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Imidazoles / pharmacology
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Leukemia, Myeloid / enzymology
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Leukemia, Myeloid / pathology*
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MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1*
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / physiology*
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NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha
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NF-kappa B / physiology*
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Necrosis
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Nitriles
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Phosphorylation
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors
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Pyridines / pharmacology
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Sulfones
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Transcription Factors / metabolism
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Tumor Cells, Cultured / drug effects
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U937 Cells
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p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
Substances
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Activating Transcription Factor 2
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Anti-Infective Agents
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BAY 11-7085
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Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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Enzyme Inhibitors
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I-kappa B Proteins
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Imidazoles
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NF-kappa B
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NFKBIA protein, human
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Nitriles
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Pyridines
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Sulfones
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Transcription Factors
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NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 1
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MAP3K1 protein, human
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SB 203580