Small molecule inhibitors induce conformational changes in the I domain and the I-like domain of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1. Molecular insights into integrin inhibition

J Biol Chem. 2002 Mar 22;277(12):10590-8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110521200. Epub 2002 Jan 7.

Abstract

The beta(2) integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) is a conformationally flexible alpha/beta heterodimeric receptor, which is expressed on the surface of all leukocytes. LFA-1 mediates cell adhesion crucial for normal immune and inflammatory responses. Intracellular signals or cations are required to convert LFA-1 from a nonligand binding to a ligand binding state. Here we investigated the effect of small molecule inhibitors on LFA-1 by monitoring the binding of monoclonal antibodies mapped to different receptor domains. The inhibitors were found to not only induce epitope changes in the I domain of the alpha(L) chain but also in the I-like domain of the beta(2) chain depending on the individual chemical structure of the inhibitor and its binding site. For the first time, we provide strong evidence that the I-like domain represents a target for allosteric LFA-1 inhibition similar to the well established regulatory L-site on the I domain of LFA-1. Moreover, the antibody binding patterns observed in the presence of the various inhibitors establish a conformational interaction between the LFA-1 I domain and the I-like domain in the native receptor that is formed upon activation. Differentially targeting the binding sites of the inhibitors, the L-site and the I-like domain, may open new avenues for highly specific therapeutic intervention in diseases where integrins play a pathophysiological role.

MeSH terms

  • Allosteric Site
  • Binding Sites
  • Biotinylation
  • Cell Adhesion
  • Cell Line
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Edetic Acid / pharmacology
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • Epitopes
  • Flow Cytometry
  • Humans
  • Inhibitory Concentration 50
  • Integrins / metabolism*
  • Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / metabolism
  • Jurkat Cells
  • Leukocytes / metabolism
  • Ligands
  • Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 / chemistry*
  • Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 / metabolism
  • Macrophage-1 Antigen / metabolism
  • Models, Biological
  • Models, Chemical
  • Models, Molecular
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Conformation
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary

Substances

  • Epitopes
  • Integrins
  • Ligands
  • Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1
  • Macrophage-1 Antigen
  • Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1
  • Edetic Acid