In the therapeutic procedure of conjugal fertility, the use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has opened new possibilities when conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) techniques are unsuccessful. Cytogenetic studies showed the presence of genetic anomalies in foetuses conceived with this technique. Starting from these considerations, through a data collection of the literature, the authors report the latest scientific findings on this problem. They show the limits of the knowledge about genetic risks linked to these techniques, increasingly imposing rigorous medical behavior and conscious choices of the couple.