Direct modulation of the host cell cytoskeleton by Salmonella actin-binding proteins

Trends Cell Biol. 2002 Jan;12(1):15-20. doi: 10.1016/s0962-8924(01)02183-3.

Abstract

Invasive Salmonella trigger their own uptake into non-phagocytic eukaryotic cells by delivering virulence proteins that stimulate signaling pathways and remodel the actin cytoskeleton. It has recently emerged that Salmonella encodes two actin-binding proteins, SipC and SipA, which together efficiently nucleate actin polymerization and stabilize the resulting supramolecular filament architecture. Therefore, Salmonella might directly initiate actin polymerization independently of the cellular Arp2/3 complex early in the cell entry process. This is an unprecedented example of a direct intervention strategy to facilitate entry of a pathogen into a target cell. Here, we discuss the Salmonella actin-binding proteins and how they might function in combination with entry effectors that stimulate Rho GTPases. We propose that membrane-targeted bacterial effector proteins might trigger actin polymerization through diverse mechanisms during cell entry by bacterial pathogens.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Actin Cytoskeleton / drug effects
  • Actin Cytoskeleton / metabolism*
  • Actin-Related Protein 2
  • Actins / metabolism*
  • Actins / pharmacology
  • Animals
  • Bacterial Proteins / metabolism*
  • Bacterial Proteins / pharmacology
  • Cytoskeletal Proteins*
  • Cytoskeleton / drug effects
  • Cytoskeleton / metabolism*
  • Eukaryotic Cells / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Microfilament Proteins / metabolism
  • Microfilament Proteins / pharmacology
  • Salmonella / metabolism*
  • Salmonella / pathogenicity
  • Salmonella Infections / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction / physiology

Substances

  • ACTR2 protein, human
  • Actin-Related Protein 2
  • Actins
  • Bacterial Proteins
  • Cytoskeletal Proteins
  • Microfilament Proteins
  • Salmonella invasion protein C
  • SipA protein, Salmonella