The Norwalk virus (NV) capsid protein was expressed using Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles (VRP-NV1). VRP-NV1 infection resulted in large numbers of recombinant NV-like particles that were primarily cell associated and were indistinguishable from NV particles produced from baculoviruses. Mutations located in the N-terminal and P1 domains of the NV capsid protein ablated capsid self-assembly in mammalian cells.