Surgical procedures for correction of craniosynostosis are performed in young infants with a small blood volume and represent major surgery with extensive blood loss. An accurate determination and a precise restoration of blood losses represent the major concern for the anaesthetist during this surgery. The preoperative assessment of these patients is usually simple, except in the cases where the craniosynostosis is associated with other congenital malformations. The anaesthetist should keep in mind that intracranial hypertension may be associated with craniosysnostosis, which modify the anaesthetic management, especially the induction of anaesthesia. Even though the psychological impact of a craniosynostosis should be taken into consideration, surgery is most often indicated for functional considerations, therefore parents should be informed of the risks related to the procedure. During the postoperative period the major concerns are related to the possibility of a persistent bleeding, which usually decreases and disappears over the first 12 hours.