Mer receptor tyrosine kinase signaling: prevention of apoptosis and alteration of cytoskeletal architecture without stimulation or proliferation

J Biol Chem. 2002 Jul 5;277(27):24057-66. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112086200. Epub 2002 Apr 2.

Abstract

Mer is a member of the Axl/Mer/Tyro3 receptor tyrosine kinase family, a family whose physiological function is not well defined. We constructed a Mer chimera using the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) extracellular and transmembrane domains and the Mer cytoplasmic domain. Stable transfection of the Mer chimera into interleukin 3 (IL-3)-dependent murine 32D cells resulted in ligand-activable surface receptor that tyrosine autophosphorylated, stimulated intracellular signaling, and dramatically reduced apoptosis initiated by IL-3 withdrawal. However, unlike multiple other ectopically expressed receptor tyrosine kinases including full-length EGFR or an EGFR/Axl chimera, the Mer chimera did not stimulate proliferation. Moreover, and in contrast to EGFR, Mer chimera activation induced adherence and cell flattening in the normally suspension-growing 32D cells. The Mer chimera signal also blocked IL-3-dependent proliferation leading to G(1)/S arrest, dephosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein, and elongation of cellular processes. Unlike other agonists that lead to a slow (4-8 days) ligand-dependent differentiation of 32D cells, the combined Mer and IL-3 signal resulted in differentiated morphology and growth cessation in the first 24 h. Thus the Mer chimera blocks apoptosis without stimulating growth and produces cytoskeletal alterations; this outcome is clearly separable from the proliferative signal produced by most receptor tyrosine kinases.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Apoptosis / drug effects
  • Apoptosis / physiology*
  • Cell Adhesion
  • Cell Cycle / physiology
  • Cell Differentiation
  • Cell Division
  • Cell Line
  • Cell Size
  • ErbB Receptors
  • Interleukin-3 / pharmacology
  • Mice
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / metabolism
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism
  • Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules / genetics
  • Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules / physiology*
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins*
  • Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / genetics
  • Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / metabolism*
  • Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / physiology*
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects
  • Transfection
  • c-Mer Tyrosine Kinase

Substances

  • Interleukin-3
  • Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins
  • ErbB Receptors
  • Mertk protein, mouse
  • Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
  • c-Mer Tyrosine Kinase
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases