Life-threatening anaphylactoid reaction to amifostine used with concurrent chemoradiotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer in a patient with dermatomyositis: a case report with literature review

Anticancer Drugs. 2002 Mar;13(3):327-30. doi: 10.1097/00001813-200203000-00015.

Abstract

Dermatomyositis is associated with malignancy in approximately 20-25% of cases. The most common associated cancers are ovarian, lung, pancreatic, stomach, colon and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Nasopharyngeal cancer is not common in the Caucasian population; however, there is a much higher incidence in Asian patients. Radiotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for early nasopharyngeal cancer, but combination chemoradiotherapy is becoming more common for patients with advanced disease since the Intergroup trial 0099 demonstrated improved progression-free survival and overall survival for chemoradiotherapy. Increasingly, the cytotoxic agent amifostine is being used prior to radiotherapy in an attempt to decrease associated morbidities. Amifostine has been found to significantly decrease acute and chronic xerostomia but not mucositis. It appears to be selectively protective to salivary glands and kidneys without being tumor protective. The most common side effects associated with amifostine are nausea, vomiting, hypotension, hypocalcemia and allergic reactions. We describe the case of a man with dermatomyositis and stage IV nasopharyngeal cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy and s.c. amifostine. The patient suffered a life-threatening anaphylactoid reaction to amifostine.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Amifostine / adverse effects*
  • Amifostine / therapeutic use
  • Anaphylaxis / chemically induced*
  • Combined Modality Therapy
  • Dermatomyositis / complications
  • Dermatomyositis / drug therapy*
  • Dermatomyositis / radiotherapy*
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / complications
  • Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / drug therapy*
  • Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / radiotherapy*
  • Radiation-Protective Agents / adverse effects*
  • Radiation-Protective Agents / therapeutic use
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Substances

  • Radiation-Protective Agents
  • Amifostine