Ryanodine receptor isoforms of non-Mammalian skeletal muscle

Front Biosci. 2002 May 1:7:d1184-94. doi: 10.2741/A832.

Abstract

Whereas mammalian skeletal muscles express primarily a single isoform of ryanodine receptor (RyR) as the Ca2+ releasing channel, many non-mammalian vertebrate skeletal muscles express two isoforms in almost similar amount, alpha- and beta-RyR which are homologues of mammalian isoforms RyR1 and 3, respectively. alpha-RyR is believed to be directly involved in excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscles and is variable in its properties among animals and fibers, while beta-RyR shows similar properties and is variable in its content. alpha- and beta-RyR purified from frog skeletal muscle, a favorite material for physiological and morphological experiments, are very similar in Ca2+ dependent [3H]ryanodine binding. On the SR membrane, however, alpha-RyR is selectively suppressed in the ligand binding, indicating that the Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) activity in skeletal muscle is conducted primarily by beta-RyR. We also stressed here that Ca2+ binding to the activating site is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for CICR. The maximum activity attainable under a specified condition is also a critical parameter to be determined. Taking these findings into consideration, we conclude that CICR is too slow to explain the physiological Ca2+ release on depolarization.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adenine Nucleotides / pharmacology
  • Animals
  • Caffeine / pharmacology
  • Calcium / metabolism
  • Calcium / pharmacology
  • Humans
  • Magnesium / pharmacology
  • Models, Biological
  • Muscle, Skeletal / drug effects
  • Muscle, Skeletal / metabolism
  • Muscle, Skeletal / physiology*
  • Protein Isoforms / physiology
  • Rana catesbeiana
  • Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel / physiology*
  • Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / drug effects
  • Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / metabolism

Substances

  • Adenine Nucleotides
  • Protein Isoforms
  • Ryanodine Receptor Calcium Release Channel
  • Caffeine
  • Magnesium
  • Calcium