Scarce resources in healthcare are a fact of life everywhere. Providing optimal healthcare for haemophilia means delivering the best possible clinical outcomes at an acceptable total cost, however that is defined by individual societies. Health economics helps us to do this. So far, economic evaluation has enhanced our understanding of some of the economic implications of haemophilia and has provided some guidance on the way forward to optimize efficient allocation of resources for this condition. Further advances and consensus on evaluation methods and standards for the economics of haemophilia are required, however. This need will continue in the face of new, more sophisticated and therefore more costly haemophilia therapies.