Triiodide derivatization and combinatorial counter-ion replacement: two methods for enhancing phasing signal using laboratory Cu Kalpha X-ray equipment

Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2002 Jun;58(Pt 6 Pt 2):976-91. doi: 10.1107/s0907444902005486. Epub 2002 May 29.

Abstract

A series of experiments performed at Cu Kalpha wavelength on in-house X-ray equipment are presented which investigate two possibilities for enhancing the experimental phasing signal by means of (i) triiodide/iodide soaks using KI/I(2) and (ii) combinations of counter-ions introduced using the short cryosoak method. Triiodide-derivative crystal structures for five test proteins have been refined and reveal that iodine can bind as polyiodide and single iodide ions through hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonding interactions both at the molecular surface and in intramolecular and intermolecular cavities. In three cases, the structures could be automatically determined with autoSHARP using in-house SAD and SIRAS data. The investigation of combinatorial counter-ion replacement using multiple salts with Na(+) and Cs(+) as cations and I(-) and Cl(-) as anions reveals that, for the case of hen egg-white lysozyme, significant improvement in phasing signal is obtained by the combined use of salts compared with SIRAS methods using native and single short-soak derivative data sets.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Apoferritins / chemistry
  • Crystallization
  • Crystallography, X-Ray / methods*
  • Immunoglobulin Fragments / chemistry
  • Models, Chemical*
  • Models, Molecular
  • Pancreatic Elastase / chemistry

Substances

  • Immunoglobulin Fragments
  • Apoferritins
  • Pancreatic Elastase