Abstract
We have previously established that insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, -II and insulin exert a strong protective effect against tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-induced apoptosis in interferon-gamma (IFN)-sensitized HT29-D4 human colon carcinoma cells. In this study, we report that this effect was still operative when cells were cultured in the absence of integrin- and E-cadherin-mediated cell-extracellular matrix and cell-cell interactions. In this model, IGF-I did not activate the focal adhesion kinase, whereas it induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor substrate-1 and activation of the extracellular signal-related kinase 1 and 2, p38, phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase and protein kinase B/Akt. However, the use of specific inhibitors indicated that these pathways did not play a role in the adhesion-independent IGF-I anti-apoptotic signal. In contrast, inhibition of the NF-kappaB activation induced a complete reversal of the IGF-I anchorage-independent protective effect. Correspondingly, IGF-I markedly enhanced the TNF- and IFN/TNF-induced NF-kappaB-dependent interleukin-8 production. Our results provide evidence that IGF-I induces resistance against cytokine-induced cell death even in the absence of cell adhesion-mediated signaling. NF-kappaB appears to be a key mediator of this anti-apoptotic effect that should contribute to the resistance of colon cancer cells to immune-destruction during metastasis.
MeSH terms
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Apoptosis*
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Cell Adhesion Molecules / metabolism
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Cell Communication
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Cell Survival
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Drug Resistance
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Extracellular Matrix / metabolism
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Focal Adhesion Kinase 1
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Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
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HT29 Cells
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Humans
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Insulin / pharmacology
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Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins
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Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / metabolism*
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Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / pharmacology
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Interferon-gamma / pharmacology
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Interleukin-8 / biosynthesis
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / metabolism
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism
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NF-kappa B / metabolism*
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / metabolism
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Phosphoproteins / metabolism
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Phosphorylation
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases*
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Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / metabolism
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins / metabolism
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
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Signal Transduction*
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / pharmacology
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p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
Substances
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Cell Adhesion Molecules
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IRS1 protein, human
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Insulin
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Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins
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Interleukin-8
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NF-kappa B
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Phosphoproteins
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
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Interferon-gamma
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Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
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Focal Adhesion Kinase 1
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Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
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PTK2 protein, human
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AKT1 protein, human
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases