Abstract
The AU-rich element (ARE) is an important instability determinant for a large number of early-response-gene mRNAs. AREs also mediate the stabilization of certain pro-inflammatory mRNAs, such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), in response to inflammatory stimuli. To understand how AREs control mRNA stability, it is necessary to identify trans-acting factors. We have purified a new ARE-binding protein and identified it as CArG box-binding factor-A (CBF-A). The amino acid sequence of CBF-A is highly similar to that of the ARE-binding protein AUF1. Recombinant CBF-A bound the COX-2 and TNF-alpha AREs, but not a non-specific control RNA. In contrast, in an electrophoretic-mobility-shift assay (EMSA) of crude RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cell extracts, an antiserum that recognizes both AUF1 and CBF-A failed to supershift complexes formed on the TNF-alpha ARE, but did supershift a complex specific for the COX-2 ARE. CBF-A exists as two isoforms, p37 and p42, that differ by a 47-amino-acid insertion close to the C-terminus. By expressing epitope-tagged isoforms of CBF-A it was shown that the p42 isoform binds the COX-2 ARE in EMSA of crude cell extracts. In a HeLa-cell tetracycline-regulated reporter system, overexpression of the p42 CBF-A isoform resulted in stabilization of a COX-2 ARE reporter mRNA. Epitope-tagged p42 CBF-A expressed in HeLa cells co-immunoprecipitated with endogenous COX-2 mRNA, but not glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA, as shown by reverse-transcription PCR. The similarity between CBF-A and AUF1 suggests that CBF-A could be re-named AUF2.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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3' Untranslated Regions
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Amino Acid Sequence
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Animals
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Blotting, Western
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Cell Line
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Chromatography
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Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
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Cyclooxygenase 2
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DNA-Binding Proteins / chemistry*
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DNA-Binding Proteins / genetics*
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DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism
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Genes, Reporter
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HeLa Cells
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Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein D0
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Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein D*
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Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group A-B*
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Humans
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Isoenzymes / metabolism
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Macrophages / metabolism
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Mass Spectrometry
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Membrane Proteins
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Mice
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Molecular Sequence Data
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Peptides / chemistry
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Plasmids / metabolism
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Precipitin Tests
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Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / metabolism
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Protein Binding
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Protein Isoforms
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RNA, Messenger / metabolism
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RNA-Binding Proteins / chemistry*
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Recombinant Proteins / metabolism
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Repressor Proteins / chemistry*
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Repressor Proteins / genetics*
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Repressor Proteins / metabolism
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Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Ribonucleases / metabolism
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Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
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Subcellular Fractions / metabolism
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Time Factors
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism
Substances
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3' Untranslated Regions
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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HNRNPD protein, human
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Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein D0
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Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein D
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Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group A-B
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Hnrpd protein, mouse
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Isoenzymes
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Membrane Proteins
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Peptides
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Protein Isoforms
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RNA, Messenger
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RNA-Binding Proteins
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Recombinant Proteins
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Repressor Proteins
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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Hnrnpab protein, mouse
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Cyclooxygenase 2
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PTGS2 protein, human
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Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases
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Ribonucleases