Direct evidence for neutrino flavor transformation from neutral-current interactions in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

Q R Ahmad; R C Allen; T C Andersen; J D Anglin; J C Barton; E W Beier; M Bercovitch; J Bigu; S D Biller; R A Black; I Blevis; R J Boardman; J Boger; E Bonvin; M G Boulay; M G Bowler; T J Bowles; S J Brice; M C Browne; T V Bullard; G Bühler; J Cameron; Y D Chan; H H Chen; M Chen; X Chen; B T Cleveland; E T H Clifford; J H M Cowan; D F Cowen; G A Cox; X Dai; F Dalnoki-Veress; W F Davidson; P J Doe; G Doucas; M R Dragowsky; C A Duba; F A Duncan; M Dunford; J A Dunmore; E D Earle; S R Elliott; H C Evans; G T Ewan; J Farine; H Fergani; A P Ferraris; R J Ford; J A Formaggio; M M Fowler; K Frame; E D Frank; W Frati; N Gagnon; J V Germani; S Gil; K Graham; D R Grant; R L Hahn; A L Hallin; E D Hallman; A S Hamer; A A Hamian; W B Handler; R U Haq; C K Hargrove; P J Harvey; R Hazama; K M Heeger; W J Heintzelman; J Heise; R L Helmer; J D Hepburn; H Heron; J Hewett; A Hime; M Howe; J G Hykawy; M C P Isaac; P Jagam; N A Jelley; C Jillings; G Jonkmans; K Kazkaz; P T Keener; J R Klein; A B Knox; R J Komar; R Kouzes; T Kutter; C C M Kyba; J Law; I T Lawson; M Lay; H W Lee; K T Lesko; J R Leslie; I Levine; W Locke; S Luoma; J Lyon; S Majerus; H B Mak; J Maneira; J Manor; A D Marino; N McCauley; A B McDonald; D S McDonald; K McFarlane; G McGregor; R Meijer Drees; C Mifflin; G G Miller; G Milton; B A Moffat; M Moorhead; C W Nally; M S Neubauer; F M Newcomer; H S Ng; A J Noble; E B Norman; V M Novikov; M O'Neill; C E Okada; R W Ollerhead; M Omori; J L Orrell; S M Oser; A W P Poon; T J Radcliffe; A Roberge; B C Robertson; R G H Robertson; S S E Rosendahl; J K Rowley; V L Rusu; E Saettler; K K Schaffer; M H Schwendener; A Schülke; H Seifert; M Shatkay; J J Simpson; C J Sims; D Sinclair; P Skensved; A R Smith; M W E Smith; T Spreitzer; N Starinsky; T D Steiger; R G Stokstad; L C Stonehill; R S Storey; B Sur; R Tafirout; N Tagg; N W Tanner; R K Taplin; M Thorman; P M Thornewell; P T Trent; Y I Tserkovnyak; R Van Berg; R G Van de Water; C J Virtue; C E Waltham; J-X Wang; D L Wark; N West; J B Wilhelmy; J F Wilkerson; J R Wilson; P Wittich; J M Wouters; M Yeh; SNO Collaboration. Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.011301

Direct evidence for neutrino flavor transformation from neutral-current interactions in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

Phys Rev Lett. 2002 Jul 1;89(1):011301. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.011301. Epub 2002 Jun 13.

Authors

Q R Ahmad¹, R C Allen, T C Andersen, J D Anglin, J C Barton, E W Beier, M Bercovitch, J Bigu, S D Biller, R A Black, I Blevis, R J Boardman, J Boger, E Bonvin, M G Boulay, M G Bowler, T J Bowles, S J Brice, M C Browne, T V Bullard, G Bühler, J Cameron, Y D Chan, H H Chen, M Chen, X Chen, B T Cleveland, E T H Clifford, J H M Cowan, D F Cowen, G A Cox, X Dai, F Dalnoki-Veress, W F Davidson, P J Doe, G Doucas, M R Dragowsky, C A Duba, F A Duncan, M Dunford, J A Dunmore, E D Earle, S R Elliott, H C Evans, G T Ewan, J Farine, H Fergani, A P Ferraris, R J Ford, J A Formaggio, M M Fowler, K Frame, E D Frank, W Frati, N Gagnon, J V Germani, S Gil, K Graham, D R Grant, R L Hahn, A L Hallin, E D Hallman, A S Hamer, A A Hamian, W B Handler, R U Haq, C K Hargrove, P J Harvey, R Hazama, K M Heeger, W J Heintzelman, J Heise, R L Helmer, J D Hepburn, H Heron, J Hewett, A Hime, M Howe, J G Hykawy, M C P Isaac, P Jagam, N A Jelley, C Jillings, G Jonkmans, K Kazkaz, P T Keener, J R Klein, A B Knox, R J Komar, R Kouzes, T Kutter, C C M Kyba, J Law, I T Lawson, M Lay, H W Lee, K T Lesko, J R Leslie, I Levine, W Locke, S Luoma, J Lyon, S Majerus, H B Mak, J Maneira, J Manor, A D Marino, N McCauley, A B McDonald, D S McDonald, K McFarlane, G McGregor, R Meijer Drees, C Mifflin, G G Miller, G Milton, B A Moffat, M Moorhead, C W Nally, M S Neubauer, F M Newcomer, H S Ng, A J Noble, E B Norman, V M Novikov, M O'Neill, C E Okada, R W Ollerhead, M Omori, J L Orrell, S M Oser, A W P Poon, T J Radcliffe, A Roberge, B C Robertson, R G H Robertson, S S E Rosendahl, J K Rowley, V L Rusu, E Saettler, K K Schaffer, M H Schwendener, A Schülke, H Seifert, M Shatkay, J J Simpson, C J Sims, D Sinclair, P Skensved, A R Smith, M W E Smith, T Spreitzer, N Starinsky, T D Steiger, R G Stokstad, L C Stonehill, R S Storey, B Sur, R Tafirout, N Tagg, N W Tanner, R K Taplin, M Thorman, P M Thornewell, P T Trent, Y I Tserkovnyak, R Van Berg, R G Van de Water, C J Virtue, C E Waltham, J-X Wang, D L Wark, N West, J B Wilhelmy, J F Wilkerson, J R Wilson, P Wittich, J M Wouters, M Yeh; SNO Collaboration. Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

Affiliation

¹ Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.

PMID: 12097025
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.011301

Abstract

Observations of neutral-current nu interactions on deuterium in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory are reported. Using the neutral current (NC), elastic scattering, and charged current reactions and assuming the standard 8B shape, the nu(e) component of the 8B solar flux is phis(e) = 1.76(+0.05)(-0.05)(stat)(+0.09)(-0.09)(syst) x 10(6) cm(-2) s(-1) for a kinetic energy threshold of 5 MeV. The non-nu(e) component is phi(mu)(tau) = 3.41(+0.45)(-0.45)(stat)(+0.48)(-0.45)(syst) x 10(6) cm(-2) s(-1), 5.3sigma greater than zero, providing strong evidence for solar nu(e) flavor transformation. The total flux measured with the NC reaction is phi(NC) = 5.09(+0.44)(-0.43)(stat)(+0.46)(-0.43)(syst) x 10(6) cm(-2) s(-1), consistent with solar models.