Abstract
Since macrophages are a source of increased PGE(2) in AIDS, we investigated the role of PGE(2) in the replication of HIV-1 in these cells. PGE(2) inhibited HIV-1 replication measured by reverse transcriptase in human monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM). Treatment of MDM with the PGE(1) analog misoprostol, the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin, and the cyclic AMP analog dibutyryl-cyclic AMP (db-cAMP) suppressed HIV replication. The protein kinase A (PKA) activator 8-bromo-cyclic AMP also inhibited HIV-1 replication. Similar results were observed with the entry-independent, latently HIV-infected U1 cells. There was a parallel decrease in HIV-1 mRNA levels following PGE(2) treatment. Co-transfection of the HIV-1 promoter LTR.luciferase, with the vector CMV.Calpha, which expresses the PKA catalytic unit increasing PKA activity, reduced HIV-1 promoter activity. Inhibition of PKA activity with the pMT.RAB vector, a mutant regulatory unit of PKA, augmented HIV-1 promoter activity. In summary, PGE(2) inhibits HIV-1 gene expression in MDM through a PKA-dependent mechanism.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid / pharmacology
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8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate / pharmacology
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Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors
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Bucladesine / pharmacology
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Cells, Cultured
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Colforsin / pharmacology
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Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / metabolism*
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Dinoprostone / biosynthesis
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Dinoprostone / pharmacology*
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Enzyme Activation
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Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology
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Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / drug effects
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HIV-1 / drug effects*
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HIV-1 / genetics
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HIV-1 / metabolism
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Humans
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Kinetics
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Macrophages / enzymology
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Macrophages / immunology
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Macrophages / virology*
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Misoprostol / pharmacology
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Monocytes / physiology
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Promoter Regions, Genetic
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RNA, Viral / biosynthesis
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Receptors, CCR5 / metabolism
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Virus Replication / drug effects*
Substances
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Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors
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Enzyme Inhibitors
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RNA, Viral
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Receptors, CCR5
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Misoprostol
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Colforsin
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8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate
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Bucladesine
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15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid
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Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases
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Dinoprostone