The objective of this study was to observe the heart and vascular pathological lesions of some animals acutely infected with H37Rv tubercle bacilli. C57 BL/6N mice and rabbits were used for the establishment of the models. Light sections were stained with HE, Z-N, MCT and BCGS-P. Ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl and lead citrate and examined by electron microscope. The results showed that tubercle bacilli were present in heart and vascular tissues. Myocardial fibre, pericardium and vascular tissues had various degrees of lesions. The lesions of myocardial fibre and pericardium were more serious than that of the vascular tissues. These findings suggest that the toxin of the tubercle bacilli can damage the tissues of the infected animals, and the excessive reproduction can be also a factor detrimental to the infected tissues.