PIP: Historical demographic data on populations of the Chinese cultural area including counts, registrations, and continuous records are discussed in terms of problems of analysis. For many decades, censuses, investigations, and registration reports yielded generally faulty data on the numbers, and the age and sex structures of the populations. The problem here is not the adjustment of age and sex structures, but the use of faulty structures to estimate the dynamics of the population in the absence of either successive investigations or vital statistics. This paper analyzes these problems according to historical eras (Chinese Farm Population 1919-1932) or geographical areas (Taiwan, Manchuria, etc.). The writer concludes that further pursuit of estimates that agree with the Chinese demographic realities of the period requires a) a wider integration of comparable data and b) adjustment of age structures in relation to the habitual errors in response, the systematic biases in registration, and the deviations reflecting erratic factors or historic events.