PIP: China's population policy and family planning program have focused upon reducing the fertility rate. The Wan-Xi-Shao policy of deferred, spaced, and fewer births practiced during the 1970s produced a rapid country-wide decline in fertility, with the total fertility rate (TFR) dropping from 5.81 in 1970 to 2.75 in 1979. The present family planning policy encouraging women to bear only one child, in place since the late 1970s, has contributed to an ongoing decline in fertility. TFR fell below replacement level during 1990-95. The authors present a simulation model of future fertility and population trends in China if the current family planning policy continues to be implemented over the next 20 years. While the number of births will decrease, the number of families having 1-2 children will increase. The percentage of families having a second birth will also increase. Present family planning policy should remain in place to prevent an increase in TFR.