Intra-operative image updating

Intraoperative brain shift and deformation pose challenges for image-guided surgery. One strategy to address these problems utilizes computational modeling coupled with intraoperatively acquired information from efficient and economical sources such as ultrasound and the optics of the operating microscope. Calibration algorithms for the accurate integration of these sparse data sources have been implemented. Assessment has been performed in both phantom and pig brain models, and accuracy better than 2 mm has been achieved. Methods of incorporating these data into the computational model are being developed.