Dermoscopy is a non-invasive technique that can be utilized for the clinical diagnosis of pigmented lesions. The aim of this study was to assess the utilization and beliefs about the usefulness of dermoscopy in the evaluation of pigmented lesions by physicians in dermatology residency programmes, and to determine the extent of dermoscopy training received by residents in these programmes. Questionnaires were sent to the directors of all the accredited dermatology residency programmes in the United States (n = 105). A follow-up postcard questionnaire was sent to the chief resident of all the responding programmes. Eighty-three physicians responded to the questionnaire (79%). Fifty-one per cent of the respondents (n = 42) reported utilizing dermoscopy. Reported reasons for using dermoscopy by respondents included the fact that it helps detect melanoma early (74%), leads to fewer biopsies (74%) and reduces patient anxiety (64%). Lack of training (51%) and lack of usefulness (42%) were amongst the reported reasons for not utilizing dermoscopy. Sixty-seven per cent of respondents reported an increase of approximately 50% in the use of dermoscopy over the past 5 years, and 45% anticipated an increase in use over the next 5 years. Thirty-eight per cent of chief residents from the responding programmes reported receiving training in dermoscopy during residency. In conclusion, half of the dermatology residency programmes currently use dermoscopy in the evaluation of pigmented lesions. The main reason for not using dermoscopy was a lack of training. Respondents anticipated a future increase in the use of dermoscopy.