Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infects about 60% of adults in developed world and more than 90% of developing countries population. In the immunocompetent host, initial infection and reactivation of latent infection are usually asymptomatic. However, in hosts with impaired cellular immune functions, such as transplant recipients, patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or undergoing anticancer chemo- and/or radiotherapy, the full pathogenic potential of the virus may be realized. HCMV is also among the most common causes of viral intrauterine infection affecting from 0.4 to 2.3% of live-born infants. Though in pregnant, immunocompetent women infections with HCMV are usually asymptomatic, severe infections may occur among congenitally infected fetuses and infants due to immaturity of their immune system. Approximately 40% of mothers with primary HCMV infections during gestation transmit virus to their infants. Although only 10% of infected infants are symptomatic at birth, 20 to 30% of these die. In addition, 5 to 15% of asymptomatic neonates are at risk of developing congenital anomalies later. In this outline we present anti-CMV drugs currently in clinical use and give examples of new molecules under laboratory and clinical development.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / diagnosis
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AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / drug therapy
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AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / prevention & control
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Acyclovir / analogs & derivatives*
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Acyclovir / chemistry
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Acyclovir / therapeutic use
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Antiviral Agents / chemistry*
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Antiviral Agents / therapeutic use*
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Cidofovir
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Cytomegalovirus Infections / drug therapy*
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Cytomegalovirus Infections / prevention & control
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Cytomegalovirus Infections / virology
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Cytosine / analogs & derivatives*
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Cytosine / chemistry
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Cytosine / therapeutic use
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Drugs, Investigational / chemistry
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Drugs, Investigational / therapeutic use
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Female
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Foscarnet / chemistry
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Foscarnet / therapeutic use
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Ganciclovir / analogs & derivatives*
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Ganciclovir / chemistry
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Ganciclovir / therapeutic use
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Global Health
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Humans
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Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / prevention & control
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Naphthalenesulfonates / chemistry
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Naphthalenesulfonates / therapeutic use
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Organophosphonates*
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Organophosphorus Compounds / chemistry
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Organophosphorus Compounds / therapeutic use
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Pregnancy
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Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / drug therapy*
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Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / prevention & control
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Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / virology
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Thionucleotides / chemistry
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Thionucleotides / therapeutic use
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Valacyclovir
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Valganciclovir
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Valine / analogs & derivatives*
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Valine / chemistry
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Valine / therapeutic use
Substances
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3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-N-(4(((5-(dimethylamino)-1-naphthyl)sulfonyl)amino)phenyl)propanamide
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Antiviral Agents
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Drugs, Investigational
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Naphthalenesulfonates
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Organophosphonates
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Organophosphorus Compounds
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Thionucleotides
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Foscarnet
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Cytosine
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Valganciclovir
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Valine
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Cidofovir
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Valacyclovir
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Ganciclovir
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fomivirsen
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Acyclovir