Background: Simultaneous fulminant maternal hepatitis B infection and fetal meconium peritonitis has never been reported before in the English-language literature.
Case report: Fetal meconium peritonitis was detected at 32 weeks' gestation in a 21-year-old woman suffering from fulminant hepatitis. Fulminant hepatitis B was confirmed by clinical observation and serologic examination results. The course was also complicated with preterm labor. The fetus was diagnosed with meconium peritonitis prenatally. Because of failed tocolytic treatment, the fetus was delivered vaginally. Both the mother and fetus received intensive care, and the mother recovered. In contrast, the fetus's course worsened due to progressive abdominal distension. Although exploratory laparotomy was attempted, the operation was not successful. The infant died five days after birth.
Conclusion: Recognition of the predisposing factors in fetal meconium peritonitis and immediate referral to a tertiary medical center, where specialists are available, could help physicians determine an accurate diagnosis and might improve prognosis.