The changes of Ig-forming cells in the gallbladder mucoderm and the immunoglobulins in serum and bile were studied in the rabbit models. One hundred rabbits were randomly divided into the control group (Con, n = 10), simple biliary obstruction group (BO, n = 45) and biliary obstruction and infection group (BOI, n = 45). The results showed that the concentrations of serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) in BO and BOI groups increased remarkably in all phases (P < 0.001), The concentrations of serum IgG in both groups increased with the formation of gallstones. The IgA and IgG contents of bile samples in BO and BOI groups with negative bacterial culture were much higher than those of control group (P < 0.05), but the Ig content of bile with positive culture was slightly lower than that of the control group. Only a few Ig-forming cells were found in the gallbladder mucoderm of normal rabbits. The counts of Ig-forming cells in the mucoderm in BO group remained unchanged, but increased much higher in BOI group (P < 0.001), especially in IgG formation. This experiment demonstrates the immunoglobulins of serum and bile change significantly during the formation of gallstones. The Ig content of bile has a relationship with bacterial infection. IgA plays an important role in gallstone formation. The gallbladder of rabbit may be an important place of Ig-formation. The quantity of Ig forming cells in biliary tract may have a close relationship with the gallstone formation.