Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify, in cultured human cervical fibroblasts, the mechanisms by which interleukin (IL)-1beta induces the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and to explore the putative role of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in this process. Exposure of the cells for 24 h to IL-1beta induced a significant (P < 0.05) dose-dependent increase in GAG synthesis. IL-1beta (1 ng/ml) induced the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein 6 h after treatment, accompanied by a 7.5-fold increase in PGE(2) production. We confirmed that NS398, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, dose-dependently blocked PGE(2) augmentation following IL-1beta treatment. AH23848, the selective EP(4) receptor antagonist, completely abolished IL-1beta-induced GAG synthesis, whereas AH6809, an EP(2) receptor antagonist, had no effect on the stimulatory effects of IL-1beta. Furthermore, we demonstrated that 6 h exposure to IL-1beta induced a notable increase in EP(4) receptor mRNA expression and a decrease in EP(1) receptor mRNA but had no effect on the expression of EP(2) and EP(3) receptor transcripts. In conclusion, these findings indicate that IL-1beta not only induced GAG synthesis by increasing COX-2 protein expression and the subsequent PGE(2) production but also enhanced the responsiveness of cervical fibroblasts to PGE(2) by selectively up-regulating EP(4) receptor mRNA expression. These results suggest that PGE(2) may regulate human cervical ripening in an autocrine/paracrine manner via EP(4) receptors.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Base Sequence
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Biphenyl Compounds / pharmacology
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Cells, Cultured
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Cervix Uteri / cytology*
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Cyclooxygenase 2
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Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors
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Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / pharmacology
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DNA Primers
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Dinoprostone / physiology*
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Female
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Fibroblasts / cytology
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Fibroblasts / drug effects
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Fibroblasts / metabolism*
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Glycosaminoglycans / biosynthesis*
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Humans
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Interleukin-1 / pharmacology*
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Isoenzymes / metabolism
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Kinetics
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Membrane Proteins
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Nitrobenzenes / pharmacology
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Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / metabolism
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RNA, Messenger / genetics
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Receptors, Prostaglandin E / antagonists & inhibitors
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Receptors, Prostaglandin E / genetics
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Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype
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Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype
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Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype
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Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype
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Sulfonamides / pharmacology
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Transcription, Genetic / drug effects
Substances
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Biphenyl Compounds
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Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors
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Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
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DNA Primers
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Glycosaminoglycans
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Interleukin-1
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Isoenzymes
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Membrane Proteins
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Nitrobenzenes
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PTGER1 protein, human
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PTGER2 protein, human
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PTGER3 protein, human
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PTGER4 protein, human
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RNA, Messenger
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Receptors, Prostaglandin E
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Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype
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Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype
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Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype
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Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype
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Sulfonamides
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N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide
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AH 23848
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Cyclooxygenase 2
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PTGS2 protein, human
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Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases
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Dinoprostone