Abstract
Leukotrienes play an important pathophysiological role in chronic inflammatory states and, as previously shown, cause increased levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in intestinal epithelial cells. The anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 is also elevated by LTD(4) stimulation, and in colon cancer, so we studied the mechanisms of COX-2 and Bcl-2 regulation. We found that LTD(4) induced a 3-fold elevation of COX-2 transcription in Int 407 cells and a 2-fold equivalent in colon cancer cells, Caco-2. This was mediated through a pertussis toxin (PTX) sensitive G-protein and the MAP kinase Erk-1/2 pathway, and this was also shown to be the route to up-regulation of Bcl-2 by LTD(4). In good agreement with this, we detected a strong activation of Erk-1/2 that was further increased by COX-2 inhibition, pointing towards the existence of negative feedback regulation. Furthermore, COX-2 activity is responsible for the effects on Bcl-2, but this is not conveyed through the production of PGE(2).
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Caco-2 Cells
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Cyclooxygenase 2
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Drug Interactions
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Enzyme Activation / drug effects
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Enzyme Induction / drug effects
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Humans
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Isoenzymes / biosynthesis*
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Isoenzymes / genetics
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Leukotrienes / pharmacology*
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MAP Kinase Kinase 1
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Membrane Proteins
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / metabolism
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism
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Pertussis Toxin / pharmacology
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Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / biosynthesis*
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Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / genetics
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / metabolism
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / biosynthesis*
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / genetics
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Signal Transduction / physiology*
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Transcription, Genetic / drug effects
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Up-Regulation
Substances
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Isoenzymes
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Leukotrienes
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Membrane Proteins
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
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Cyclooxygenase 2
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PTGS2 protein, human
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Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases
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Pertussis Toxin
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Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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MAP Kinase Kinase 1
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MAP2K1 protein, human
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Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases