Ovarian cancer is the gynecologic malignancy with the highest number of deaths in the United States. Previous studies had found a decreased incidence of female gynecological malignancies after liver transplantation. In order to estimate the incidence of ovarian carcinoma after liver transplantation, we evaluated 1708 consecutive liver transplant recipients from 1984 to 2001. Of them, 770 (43%) were female. Routine follow-ups were performed at 1, 2, 5, and 10 years after transplantation. There were two cases of ovarian carcinoma. Both occurred in recipients with a previous history of breast cancer. Based on these data, we conclude that the incidence of ovarian cancer is 1:385 among all female liver transplant recipients, and 1:6.5 among those with a history of pretransplant breast cancer. We recommend that regular check-ups should be undertaken, especially in the population at highest risk.