Abstract
Lymphoid enhancer factor/T-cell factor (LEF/TCF) are transcription factors that mediate the Wnt signaling pathway, and have crucial roles during embryonic development in various organisms. Here we report that acetylation enhances nuclear retention of POP-1, the Caenorhabditis elegans LEF/TCF homolog, through increasing nuclear import and blocking nuclear export. We identify three lysines that are acetylated in vivo, and demonstrate their essential requirement for proper nuclear localization and biological activity of POP-1 during C. elegans embryogenesis. The conservation of these lysines among other LEF/TCF family members suggests that acetylation may be an important, evolutionarily conserved mechanism regulating subcellular distribution of LEF/TCF factors.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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Acetylation
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Animals
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Animals, Genetically Modified
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Blotting, Western
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COS Cells
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Caenorhabditis elegans
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Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins*
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Cell Nucleus / metabolism
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DNA-Binding Proteins / metabolism*
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Female
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Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental*
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Glutathione Transferase / metabolism
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Green Fluorescent Proteins
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HeLa Cells
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High Mobility Group Proteins / metabolism*
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Humans
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Luminescent Proteins / metabolism
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Lysine / metabolism
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Male
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Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
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Mutation
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Nuclear Proteins / metabolism
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Phosphorylation
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Precipitin Tests
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins / metabolism*
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins / metabolism
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Signal Transduction*
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Trans-Activators / metabolism
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Wnt Proteins
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Zebrafish Proteins*
Substances
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Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins
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DNA-Binding Proteins
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High Mobility Group Proteins
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Luminescent Proteins
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Nuclear Proteins
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins
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Trans-Activators
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Wnt Proteins
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Zebrafish Proteins
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pop-1 protein, C elegans
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Green Fluorescent Proteins
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Glutathione Transferase
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Lysine