Patch testing in children, adults, and the elderly: influence of age and sex on sensitization patterns

Pediatr Dermatol. 2003 Mar-Apr;20(2):119-23. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1470.2003.20204.x.

Abstract

Patch testing was done on 2776 consecutive patients (76.5% female) with a locally revised standard series of 34 contact allergens and the results analyzed for age- and gender-specific differences. At least one positive epicutaneous test reaction occurred in 48.9% of patients. Nickel (20.9%), ethylmercuric chloride (13.2%), thimerosal (11.8%), fragrance mix (9.3%), metallic mercury (8.9%), palladium (5.8%), balsam of Peru (3.8%), copper (3.7%), cobalt (3.3%), and chromium (2.3%) were the 10 most important sensitizers. The following tested allergens with sensitization rates of more than 1% were not part of the usual standard series: ethylmercuric chloride, metallic mercury, copper, propolis (1.3%), propylene glycol (1.0%). Reactions to nickel, cobalt, and palladium, but not to chromium, were significantly more abundant in females (p < 0.002, chi-squared test). The overall sensitization rate was highest in children less than 10 years old (62%) and decreased steadily, to be lowest among patients more than 70 years old (34.9%). The rate of positive reactions to nickel and thimerosal decreased with age, while fragrance mix and metallic mercury stayed at the same level through all age groups.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Age Distribution
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Allergens*
  • Austria / epidemiology
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / diagnosis*
  • Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / epidemiology*
  • Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / immunology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Immunization / methods*
  • Incidence
  • Male
  • Metals / pharmacology
  • Middle Aged
  • Nickel / pharmacology
  • Patch Tests / methods
  • Perfume / pharmacology
  • Registries
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Sex Distribution

Substances

  • Allergens
  • Metals
  • Perfume
  • Nickel