Abstract
Entry into mitosis requires the activation of cdk1/cyclin B, while mitotic exit is achieved when the same kinase activity decreases, as cyclin B is degraded. Cyclin B proteolysis is mediated by the anaphase promoting complex, or APC, an E3 ligase that is active at anaphase in mitosis through G1. We have identified a G1 substrate of the APC that we have termed Tome-1, for trigger of mitotic entry. Tome-1 is a cytosolic protein required for proper activation of cdk1/cyclin B and mitotic entry. Tome-1 associates with Skp-1 and is required for degradation of the cdk1 inhibitory tyrosine kinase wee1; Tome-1 therefore appears to be acting as part of an SCF-type E3 for wee1. Degradation of Tome-1 during G1 allows for wee 1 accumulation during interphase, thereby providing a critical link between the APC and SCF pathways in regulation of cdk1/cyclin B activity and thus mitotic entry and exit.
Publication types
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
MeSH terms
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3T3 Cells
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Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome
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Animals
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CDC2 Protein Kinase / genetics
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CDC2 Protein Kinase / metabolism*
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Cell Cycle Proteins / genetics
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Cell Cycle Proteins / isolation & purification*
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Cell Cycle Proteins / metabolism
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Cyclin B / genetics
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Cyclin B / metabolism*
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Cytosol / metabolism
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DNA, Complementary / analysis
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DNA, Complementary / genetics
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Eukaryotic Cells / metabolism*
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G1 Phase / genetics*
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HeLa Cells
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Humans
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Ligases / genetics
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Ligases / metabolism*
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Mice
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Mitosis / genetics*
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Molecular Sequence Data
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Nuclear Proteins*
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Phosphorylation
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Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / genetics
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Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / metabolism
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S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins
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Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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Ubiquitin / genetics
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Ubiquitin / metabolism
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Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes*
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Xenopus Proteins / genetics
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Xenopus Proteins / isolation & purification*
Substances
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CDCA3 protein, Xenopus
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CDCA3 protein, human
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Cell Cycle Proteins
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Cyclin B
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DNA, Complementary
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Nuclear Proteins
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S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins
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Tome-1 protein, mouse
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Ubiquitin
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Xenopus Proteins
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Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes
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Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome
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Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
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WEE1 protein, human
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Wee1 protein, mouse
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CDC2 Protein Kinase
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Ligases